Now we code the PJM (using ACP here) example in DS-ECP.
On SSMW1:{w1 is T,w1 is F}, we define DSMW1:P(SSMW1)→[0,1] where DSMW1({w1 is T})=0.4 and DSMW1({w1 is F})=0.6 and DSMW2(X)=0 for all other X=∅,{w2 is T,w2 is F}.
tt_SSMw1 <- matrix(c(1,0,0,1,1,1), nrow = 3, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)
m_DSMw1 <- matrix(c(0.4,0.6,0), nrow = 3, ncol = 1)
cnames_SSMw1 <- c("w1y", "w1n")
varnames_SSMw1 <- "w1"
idvar_SSMw1 <- 1
DSMw1 <- bca(tt_SSMw1, m_DSMw1, cnames = cnames_SSMw1, idvar = idvar_SSMw1, varnames = varnames_SSMw1)
bcaPrint(DSMw1)
## DSMw1 specnb mass
## 1 w1y 1 0.4
## 2 w1n 2 0.6
Similarly, on SSMW2:{w2 is T,w2 is F}, we define DSMW2(P)SSMW2→[0,1] where DSMW2({w2 is T})=0.3 and DSMW2({w2 is F})=0.7 and DSMW2(X)=0 for all other X=∅,{w2 is T,w2 is F}.
tt_SSMw2 <- matrix(c(1,0,0,1,1,1), nrow = 3, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)
m_DSMw2 <- matrix(c(0.3,0.7,0), nrow = 3, ncol = 1)
cnames_SSMw2 <- c("w2y", "w2n")
varnames_SSMw2 <- "w2"
idvar_SSMw2 <- 2
DSMw2 <- bca(tt_SSMw2, m_DSMw2, cnames = cnames_SSMw2, idvar = idvar_SSMw2, varnames = varnames_SSMw2)
bcaPrint(DSMw2)
## DSMw2 specnb mass
## 1 w2y 1 0.3
## 2 w2n 2 0.7
We also need three placeholder SSMs, DSMs. On SSMA:{A is T,A is F}, we define vacuous DSMA:P(SSMA)→[0,1] where DSMA({A is T,A is F})=1 and DSMA(X)=0 for all other X=∅,{A is T},{A is F}.
tt_SSMA <- matrix(c(1,1), nrow = 1, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)
m_DSMA <- matrix(c(1), nrow = 1, ncol = 1)
cnames_SSMA <- c("Ay", "An")
varnames_SSMA <- "A"
idvar_SSMA <- 3
DSMA <- bca(tt_SSMA, m_DSMA, cnames = cnames_SSMA, idvar = idvar_SSMA, varnames = varnames_SSMA)
bcaPrint(DSMA)
## DSMA specnb mass
## 1 frame 1 1
Similarly, on SSMC:{C is T,C is F}, we define vacuous DSMC:P(SSMC)→[0,1] where DSMC({C is T,C is F})=1 and DSMC(X)=0 for all other X=∅,{C is T},{C is F}.
tt_SSMC <- matrix(c(1,1), nrow = 1, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)
m_DSMC <- matrix(c(1), nrow = 1, ncol = 1)
cnames_SSMC <- c("Cy", "Cn")
varnames_SSMC <- "C"
idvar_SSMC <- 4
DSMC <- bca(tt_SSMC, m_DSMC, cnames = cnames_SSMC, idvar = idvar_SSMC, varnames = varnames_SSMC)
bcaPrint(DSMC)
## DSMC specnb mass
## 1 frame 1 1
Similarly, on SSMP:{P is T,P is F}, we define vacuous DSMP:P(SSMP)→[0,1] where DSMP({P is T,P is F})=1 and DSMP(X)=0 for all other X=∅,{P is T},{P is F}.
tt_SSMP <- matrix(c(1,1), nrow = 1, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)
m_DSMP <- matrix(c(1), nrow = 1, ncol = 1)
cnames_SSMP <- c("Py", "Pn")
varnames_SSMP <- "P"
idvar_SSMP <- 5
DSMP <- bca(tt_SSMP, m_DSMP, cnames = cnames_SSMP, idvar = idvar_SSMP, varnames = varnames_SSMP)
bcaPrint(DSMP)
## DSMP specnb mass
## 1 frame 1 1
SSMR1 is on the product space of W1×A×C×P. DSMR1:P(SSMR2)→[0,1]. When w1 is true, one of A, C are true, which has + = 1 + 2 = 3 cases; when w1 is false, everything can be true, which has \binom{3}{3} + \binom{3}{2} + \binom{3}{1} = 1 + 3 + 3 = 7 cases. So DSM_{R_1}(X)=1 if X is the subset of all these cases and 0 otherwise.
tt_SSMR_1 <- matrix(c(1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,
1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,
0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,
0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,
0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1), nrow = 2 + 3 + 1, ncol = 8, byrow = TRUE, dimnames = list(NULL, c("w1y","w1n","Ay","An","Cy","Cn","Py","Pn")))
spec_DSMR_1 <- matrix(c(1,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,0), nrow = 2 + 3 + 1, ncol = 2)
infovar_SSMR_1 <- matrix(c(1,3,4,5,2,2,2,2), nrow = 4, ncol = 2)
varnames_SSMR_1 <- c("w1", "A", "C", "P")
relnb_SSMR_1 <- 1
DSMR_1 <- bcaRel(tt_SSMR_1, spec_DSMR_1, infovar_SSMR_1, varnames_SSMR_1, relnb_SSMR_1)
bcaPrint(DSMR_1)
## DSMR_1
## 1 w1y Ay Cn Pn + w1y An Cy Pn + w1n Ay Cn Pn + w1n An Cy Pn + w1n An Cn Py
## specnb mass
## 1 1 1
SSM_{R_2} is on the product space of W_2 \times A \times C \times P. DSM_{R_2}: \mathcal{P}(SSM_{R_2}) \rightarrow [0,1]. When w2 is true, one of C, P are true, which has 2 + 1 = 3 cases; when w1 is false, everything can be true, which has \binom{3}{3} + \binom{3}{2} + \binom{3}{1} = 1 + 3 + 3 = 7 cases. So DSM_{R_2}(X)=1 if X is the subset of all these cases and 0 otherwise.
tt_SSMR_2 <- matrix(c(1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,
1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,
0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,
0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,
0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1), nrow = 2 + 3 + 1, ncol = 8, byrow = TRUE, dimnames = list(NULL, c("w2y","w2n","Ay","An","Cy","Cn","Py","Pn")))
spec_DSMR_2 <- matrix(c(1,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,0), nrow = 2 + 3 + 1, ncol = 2)
infovar_SSMR_2 <- matrix(c(2,3,4,5,2,2,2,2), nrow = 4, ncol = 2)
varnames_SSMR_2 <- c("w2", "A", "C", "P")
relnb_SSMR_2 <- 2
DSMR_2 <- bcaRel(tt_SSMR_2, spec_DSMR_2, infovar_SSMR_2, varnames_SSMR_2, relnb_SSMR_2)
bcaPrint(DSMR_2)
## DSMR_2
## 1 w2y An Cy Pn + w2y An Cn Py + w2n Ay Cn Pn + w2n An Cy Pn + w2n An Cn Py
## specnb mass
## 1 1 1
Now we apply Dempster-Shafer calculus. First, we up-project DSM_{W_1} onto SSM_{R_1} to get DSM1_{uproj_{SSM_{R_1}}}=(\{w_1\text{ is T}\}\times SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P)=0.4 and DSM1_{uproj_{SSM_{R_2}}}(\{w_1\text{ is F}\}\times SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P)=0.6 and DSM1_{uproj_{SSM_{R_1}}}(X)=0 for all other X.
## DSMw1_uproj
## 1 w1y Ay Cy Py + w1y Ay Cy Pn + w1y Ay Cn Py + w1y Ay Cn Pn + w1y An Cy Py + w1y An Cy Pn + w1y An Cn Py + w1y An Cn Pn
## 2 w1n Ay Cy Py + w1n Ay Cy Pn + w1n Ay Cn Py + w1n Ay Cn Pn + w1n An Cy Py + w1n An Cy Pn + w1n An Cn Py + w1n An Cn Pn
## specnb mass
## 1 1 0.4
## 2 2 0.6
Combining DSM_{W_1} with DSM_{R_1} to get DSM1 where DSM1(\{w_1\text{ is T}\}\times\{\text{one of A,C is T}\})=0.4 and DSM1(\{w_1\text{ is F}\}\times(SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P\backslash\{\text{all of }A,C,P\text{ are F}\}))=0.6 and DSM1(X)=0 for all other X.
## DSM1 specnb mass
## 1 w1y Ay Cn Pn + w1y An Cy Pn 1 0.4
## 2 w1n Ay Cn Pn + w1n An Cy Pn + w1n An Cn Py 2 0.6
Then, down-project DSM1 to SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P to get DSM1_{dproj_{SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P}} where DSM1_{dproj_{SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P}}(\{\text{one of A,C is T}\})=\sum_{X|_{SSM_{W_1}} \in SSM_{W_1}}DSM1(X)=0.4 and DSM1_{dproj_{SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P}}(SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P\backslash\{\text{all of }A,C,P\text{ are F}\})=\sum_{X|_{SSM_{W_1}} \in SSM_{W_1}}DSM1(X)=0.6 and DSM1_{dproj_{SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P}}(X)=0 for all other X.
## DSM1_dproj specnb mass
## 1 Ay Cn Pn + An Cy Pn 1 0.4
## 2 Ay Cn Pn + An Cy Pn + An Cn Py 2 0.6
Similarly, we up-project DSM_{W_2} onto SSM_{R_2} to get DSM2_{uproj_{SSM_{R_2}}}. Combining DSM_{W_2} with DSM_{R_2} to get DSM2. Then, down-project DSM2 to SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P to get DSM2_{dproj_{SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P}}.
DSMw2_uproj <- extmin(DSMw2,DSMR_2)
DSM2 <- dsrwon(DSMw2_uproj,DSMR_2)
DSM2_dproj <- elim(DSM2,2)
bcaPrint(DSM2_dproj)
## DSM2_dproj specnb mass
## 1 An Cy Pn + An Cn Py 1 0.3
## 2 Ay Cn Pn + An Cy Pn + An Cn Py 2 0.7
Now we can combine DSM1_{dproj_{SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P}} and DSM2_{dproj_{SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P}} on SSM_A\times SSM_C\times SSM_P to get DSM3 where DSM3(\{\text{A is F and C is T and P is F}\})=0.12 and DSM3(\{\text{(A is T or C is T) and P is F}\})=0.12 and DSM3(\{\text{A is F and (C is T or P is T)}\})=0.28 and DSM3(\{\text{One of A,C,P is T}\})=0.42.
## DSM3 specnb mass
## 1 An Cy Pn 1 0.12
## 2 Ay Cn Pn + An Cy Pn 2 0.28
## 3 An Cy Pn + An Cn Py 3 0.18
## 4 Ay Cn Pn + An Cy Pn + An Cn Py 4 0.42
Now, we can marginalize DSM3 to C to get DSM3_{dproj_{SSM_C}} where DSM3_{dproj_{SSM_C}}(\{\text{C is T}\})=\sum_{X|_{SSM_A\times SSM_P}\in SSM_A\times SSM_P}DSM3(X)=0.12 and DSM3_{dproj_{SSM_C}}(\{\text{C is F}\})=\sum_{X|_{SSM_A\times SSM_P}\in SSM_A\times SSM_P}DSM3(X)=0 and DSM3_{dproj_{SSM_C}}(X)=0 for all others. The (p,q,r) triplet on SSM_C is then (0.12,0,0.88).
## DSM3_dprojSSMC specnb mass
## 1 Cy 1 0.12
## 2 frame 2 0.88